Has been detected in breastmilk in trace amounts. Do not use in pregnant women near term (38 to 42 weeks gestation) or when labor is imminent, or in newborns aged less than one month, because of the risk of hemolytic anemia due to immature erythrocyte enzyme systems.Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone can inhibit the excretion of nitrofurantoin, which may increase the risk of toxicity and decrease its effectiveness because this lowers the concentration of nitrofurantoin in the urinary tract. May interact with quinolone antibiotics, and antacids that contain magnesium may reduce the absorption of nitrofurantoin.May also cause other serious side effects such as hemolytic anemia (risk is greater in people with a glucose-6-phosphate deficiency) and Clostridium difficile infection (symptoms include persistent diarrhea).Rarely, optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve) may develop. The risk is greater in people with kidney disease, anemia, diabetes, electrolyte imbalance, vitamin B deficiency, or with chronic debilitating diseases. Long-term use has also been associated with peripheral neuropathy (nerve disease or damage particularly confined to the feet or hands).Periodic liver enzyme monitoring may be needed. May cause liver problems, particularly with long-term use.Should not be taken again by people who have had liver problems or reactions to nitrofurantoin in the past.
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Urine samples should be taken both before and after treatment. Because the distribution of nitrofurantoin to other tissues is limited, there is a higher chance that the bacterial infection being treated may persist or recur.Do not use to treat pyelonephritis or perinephric abscesses.Do not use in people with a previous history of liver dysfunction or cholestatic jaundice associated with nitrofurantoin use, or with previous hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin. Contraindicated in people with significantly impaired kidney function (creatinine clearance less than 60mL per minute or significantly elevated creatinine), oliguria, or anuria because of the increased risk of toxicity because of impaired excretion of nitrofurantoin.The risk is greater in people receiving nitrofurantoin for longer than six months. If these develop, nitrofurantoin should be discontinued. Nitrofurantoin has been associated with potentially fatal lung conditions such as interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis.
NITROFURANTOIN MONO MAC 100MG CAPS WHILE PREGNANT SKIN
Other side effects, such as abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, skin reactions, or cardiovascular effects are uncommon or relatively rare. Nausea or vomiting, changes in facial skin color, dark-colored urine, flatulence, headache, and weight loss.If you are between the ages of 18 and 60, take no other medication or have no other medical conditions, side effects you are more likely to experience include: However, some bacteria are not susceptible to nitrofurantoin and care should still be taken not to encourage the development of resistant bacteria. Unlike many other antibiotics, resistance to nitrofurantoin has never been a significant problem experts believe its broad spectrum of action offers a protective effect against resistance development.Because nitrofurantoin concentrates in urine, side effects are generally less than with other agents typically used to treat urinary tract infections.Nitrofurantoin is effective for treating certain gram-negative and gram-positive urinary tract infections, such as those due to Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and susceptible strains of Klebsiella and Enterobacter.May be given at a lower dosage to reduce the recurrence of urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria.May be used as a treatment for acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by susceptible strains of Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus saprophyticus.Nitrofurantoin belongs to the class of medicines known as nitrofuran antibacterials.Nitrofurantoin is bactericidal (this means it kills bacteria).
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Once in contact with bacteria, nitrofurantoin is broken down into its active components which inhibit several vital bacterial biochemical processes, such as protein and cell wall synthesis, DNA and RNA synthesis, and aerobic energy metabolism.